1.1  Importance of measurement, Basic measuring systems, advantages and limitations of each measuring systems, generalized measurement system, Types of measuring instruments, Essentials of indicating instruments – deflecting, controlling and damping torque . 

1.2 Transducers

Theory, types of transducers construction and use of various transducers like resistance,                       inductance, capacitance, electromagnetic, piezoelectric type.

2.1. Ammeters and Voltmeters (Moving coil and moving iron type)

 Concept of ammeters and voltmeters and difference between them 2.2 Extension of range of voltmeters and ammeter 2.3 Construction and working principles of moving Iron and moving coil instruments 2.4 Merits and demerits, sources of error and application of these instruments

2.2.Wattmeters (Dynamometer Type)

Construction, working principle, merits and demerits of dynamometer type wattmeter, sources of error. three phase power measurement by :

1.     one wattmeter method

2.     two wattmeter method

3.     three wattmeter method

2.3. Energy meter (Induction type)

Construction, working principle, merits and demerits of single-phase and three-phase energy meters ,Errors and their compensation, Simple numerical problems .

3.1 Measurement of Displacement and Strain

Displacement Measuring Devices: wire wound potentiometer, LVDT, strain gauges and their different types such as bounded, unbounded wire and foil type etc. Gauge factor, sources of errors and its compensations. Use of electrical strain gauges, strain gauge bridges and amplifiers.

3.2 Force, Pressure Measurement, and Torque Measurement

Different types of force measuring devices and their principles, Load cells, - Manometers, diaphragms, Bourdon, bellows, manometer, diaphragm pressure gauges, basic principles, constructional brief and use, pickups, their principle, construction and applications. Use of pressure cells.Measurements of torque by brake, dynamometer, electrical strain gauges, speed measurements.

 3.3 Flow measurement.

Basic principles of magnetic and ultrasonic flow meters, flow coefficient, Reynolds number and rotameter.

3.4  Measurement of Temperature

Bimetallic thermometer, pressure thermometers, thermoelectric thermometers, resistance thermometers, thermocouple, thermisters and pyrometer, errors in temperature measurements in rapidly moving fluids, industrial thermocouple. 

4.1 Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments

Construction, working principle and application of Meggar, Earth tester,Analog   Multimeter, Digital multi-meter, basic principle, constructional brief, display system,       Frequency meter (dynamometer type) single phase power factor meter (Electrodynamometer   type). Working principle of synchroscope and phase sequence indicator, tong tester (Clamp-on meter)

4.2 Instrument Transformers: Construction, working and applications a) CT b) PT 

Electronic Instruments                                                                                

5.1 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram, working principle of CRO. Applications of CRO.

5.2 . LCR meters and Q meter

         Study of LCR meter and its applications Digital LCR and Q meter

5.3 Signal conditioning and telemetry with small simple examples .