1.1. Introduction, Brief history of development of electronics, Active and passive components

1.2. Semi-conductor Theory, Atomic structure, crystalline structure, Energy band theory of crystals, energy band structure of insulator, semiconductor and conductor, generation and recombination of electron hole pairs. Energy band structure of Silicon and Germanium, Concept of Doping, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Effect of temperature on intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. 

2.1.PN Junction, mechanism of current flow in PN junction, drift and diffusion currents, depletion layer, potential barrier, effect of forward and reverse biasing in a PN junction. Concept of junction capacitance in forward and reverse biased conditions,

2.2Ideal diode, Semiconductor diode characteristics, static and dynamic resistance

2.3 Use of diode as half wave and full wave rectifiers (centre tapped and bridge type), ripple factor, rectifier efficiency,  Operation of filter circuits, Diode ratings/specifications , Various types of diodes such as zener diode, varactor diode, Schottky diode, light emitting diode, tunnel diode, photo diode; their working characteristics and applications, Use of zener diode for voltage stabilization 

3.1Concept of junction transistor, PNP and NPN transistors, their symbols and mechanism of current, Transistor configurations: common base (CB), common emitter (CE) and common collector (CC), current relation and their input/output characteristics; comparison of the three configurations

3.2 Transistor biasing, its need, operating point, effect of temperature on the operating point of a transistor and need of stabilization of operating point,  Different biasing circuits, limitations, Use of data book to know the parameters of a given transistor 

4.1 Single-Stage Transistor Amplifiers, CE configuration, function of each component, working of single stage transistor amplifier, physical and graphical explanation, phase reversal, Frequency response of a single stage transistor amplifier

4.2Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers, Need of multi-stage transistor amplifiers – different types of couplings, their purpose and applications, RC coupled two-stage amplifiers, circuit details, working, frequency response, applications, Loading effect in multistage amplifiers, Elementary idea about direct coupled amplifier, its limitations and applications, Transformer coupled amplifiers, its frequency response. 

5.1 FET - Construction, operation, characteristics and applications of a N channel JFET and P channel JFET, JFET as an amplifier, JFET applications, Types, construction, operation, characteristics and applications of a MOSFET, Comparison between BJT, JFET and MOSFET

5.2 Operational Amplifiers-Characteristics of an ideal operational amplifier and its block diagram, Definition of differential voltage gain, CMRR, PSRR, slew rate and input offset current, Operational amplifier as an inverter, scale changer, voltage follower, adder, subtractor, differentiator, and integrator 

1. a) Identification and testing of electronic components such as resistor, inductor, capacitor, diode, transistor and different types of switches used in Electronic circuits

b) Measurement of resistances using multimeter and their comparison with colour code values

2. V-I characteristics of a Semiconductor diode and to calculate its static and dynamic resistance

3. a) V-I characteristics of a zener diode and finding its reverse breakdown voltage

b) Fabrication of a zeener diode voltage stabilizer circuit using PCB

4. Observation of input and output wave shapes of a half wave rectifier.

5. Observation of input and output wave shapes of a full wave rectifier.

6. Plotting input and output characteristics of a transistor in CB configuration

7. Plotting input and output characteristics of a transistor in CE configuration

8. To study the effect of coupling capacitor on lower cutoff frequency and upper cutoff frequency by plotting frequency response of two stage RC coupled amplifier

9. To plot V_I characteristics of a FET

10. To use IC ( op-amplifier) as

i) Inverter  ii) Adder    iii) Subtractor  iv) Intergrator