Principle of welding, Classification of welding processes, Advantages and limitations, Industrial applications of welding, Welding positions and techniques, symbols. Gas Welding , Principle of gas welding, Types of gas welding flames and their applications, Gas welding equipments, Gas welding torch, Oxy acetylene cutting torch, Blow pipe, Pressure regulators, Filler rods and fluxes.

Arc Welding, Principle of operation, Arc welding machines and equipment, A.C. and D.C. arc welding, Effect of polarity, current regulation and voltage regulation, Electrodes, Flux for arc welding. Other Welding processes, Resistance welding: Principle, advantages, limitations, working and applications of spot welding, seam welding, projection welding and percussion welding. Shielded metal arc welding, submerged arc welding, welding defects, methods of controlling welding defects and inspection of welded joints.

Modern Welding Methods, Principle of operation, advantages, disadvantages and applications of: Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, Metal inert gas (MIG) welding, Thermit welding, Electro slag welding.

Pattern Making, Types of pattern, Pattern material, Pattern allowances, Pattern codes as per B.I.S. Introduction to cores, core boxes and core materials, Core making procedure , Core prints, positioning of cores. Moulding Sand , Properties of moulding sand, permeability, refractoriness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, strength, flow ability, collapsibility etc. Various types of moulding sand and testing of moulding sand. Mould Making,Types of moulds, Molding boxes, hand tools used for mould making, Molding processes: Bench molding, floor molding, pit molding and machine molding.

Casting Processes Principle, working and applications of Die casting: hot chamber and cold chamber, Investment and lost wax process, Centrifugal casting, Continuous casting process. Gating and Risering system , Elements of gating system, Pouring basin, sprue, runner, gates Types of risers, location of riser, Casting Defects, Different types of casting defects and their reasons, testing of defects: radiography, magnetic particle inspection, and ultrasonic inspection.

Melting Furnaces Construction and working of: Pit furnace, Cupola furnace, Crucible furnace –tilting type.