Classification of materials into conducting, semi conducting and insulating materials through a brief reference to their atomic structure and energy bands.

Basics of Conducting Materials Resistance and factors affecting it such as alloying and temperature etc. Classification of conducting material as low resistivity and high resistivity materials, Low resistance materials Copper- General properties as conductor: Resistivity, temperature coefficient, density, mechanical properties of hard-drawn and annealed copper, corrosion, contact resistance. Application in the field of electrical engineering Aluminum - General properties as conductor: Resistivity, temperature coefficient, density, mechanical properties of hard and annealed aluminum, solderability, contact resistance. Applications of aluminum in the field of electrical engineering Steel - General properties as conductor: Resistivity, corrosion, temperature coefficient, density, mechanical properties, solderability, Applications in the field of electrical engineering Introduction to bundle conductors and its applications Low resistivity copper alloys: Brass, Bronze (cadmium and Beryllium), and their practical applications with reasons for the same Applications of special metals e.g. Silver, Gold, and Platinum etc.High resistivity materials and their applications e.g., manganin, constantin, nichrome, mercury, platinum, carbon and tungsten, Tantalum. Superconductors and their applications.

Review of Semi-conducting Materials: Semi conducting material such as Germanium, Silicon, Carbon-their atomic structure/application/against, pure and impure semi conductors and their use for making electronic devices. Material used for special purpose semiconductor, diode, contacts, power transistor, substrate, integrated circuits and power handling devices. 

 Insulating materials; General Properties Electrical Properties Volume resistivity, surface resistance, dielectric loss, dielectric strength (breakdown voltage) dielectric constant. Physical Properties Hygroscopicity, tensile and compressive strength, abrasive resistance, brittleness. Thermal Properties Heat resistance, classification according to permissible temperature rise. Effect of overloading on the life of an electrical appliance, increase in rating with the use of insulating materials having higher thermal stability, Thermal conductivity, Electro-thermal breakdown in solid dielectrics. Chemical Properties Solubility, chemical resistance, weather ability. Mechanical properties, mechanical structure, tensile structure 

materials: Phenol-formaldehyde resins (i.e. Bakelite) amino resins (urea formaldehyde and melamine - formaldehyde), epoxy resins - their important properties and applications c. Procedure of preparation of plastic (PVC) d. Thermo-plastic materials: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, silicons, their important properties and applications. Natural insulating materials, properties and their applications.

a. Mica and Mica products

b. Asbestos and asbestos products

c. Ceramic materials (porcelain and steatite)

d. Glass and glass products

e. Cotton

f. Silk

g. Paper (dry and impregnated)

h. Rubber, Bitumen

i. Mineral and insulating oil for transformers switchgear capacitors, high voltage insulated cables, insulating varnishes for coating and impregnation

j. Enamels for winding wires

k. Glass fibre sleeves

Gaseous materials; Air, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, SF6 their properties and applications 

Introduction - ferromagnetic materials, permeability, B-H curve, magnetic saturation, hysteresis loop including coercive force and residual magnetism, concept of eddy current and hysteresis loss, curie temperature, magnetostriction effect, method of reduction of eddy current loss and hysteresis loss

Soft Magnetic Materials

a) Alloyed steels with silicon: High silicon, alloy steel for transformers, low silicon alloy steel for electric rotating machines

b) Cold rolled grain oriented steels for transformer, Non-oriented steels for rotating machine

c) Nickel-iron alloys

d) Soft Ferrites

Hard magnetic materials - Tungsten steel, chrome steel, hard ferrites and cobalt steel, their applications Special Materials, Thermocouple, bimetals, leads soldering and fuses material, mention their applications. Introduction of various engineering materials necessary for fabrication of electrical machines such as motors, generators, transformers etc 

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. A market survey of different Electrical and Electronics materials available in market will be conducted by students. They will submit a report, which will include names, types, specifications, identification, testing of components, manufacturing details and related cost.

2. Case study/data manuals of different wires/cables/fuses/sockets etc. A report will be submitted by the students.